Autism vs. ADHD: A Guide to Key Differences and Similarities

Have you ever wondered why your child has difficulty sticking to routines, sitting still, or being extra sensitive to certain sounds, smells, or textures? It can feel overwhelming to meet their unique needs when you are unsure of the reasons behind their challenges with behavior, emotional regulation, routines, sensory sensitivities, or social interactions. You may wonder whether they're dealing with ADHD, autism, or perhaps both.

Telling the difference between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism can sometimes be tricky, especially in younger children. Let's break it down so you better understand your child's behaviors and needs and support them with confidence.

ADHD vs. Autism: Key Differences

ADHD and autism are neurodivergent conditions that do have some overlapping traits. For example, kids with ADHD and autism may be easily distracted or struggle with emotional regulation. Yet, these conditions present very different challenges.

ADHD: Common Challenges for Children and Families

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ADHD affects approximately 7 million children in the U.S. While each child's experience with ADHD is unique, kids diagnosed with inattentive ADHD typically struggle with focus, executive function, and organization. They frequently forget to do their chores and homework, never get ready for school on time, and often return home without their personal belongings. If your child has a hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD, you might notice that they constantly fidget and struggle to sit still. This usually leads to challenges in classrooms and family routines. They may get in trouble almost every day for failing to follow the rules and expectations, feeling guilty and ashamed about it, but, at the same time, helpless to change.

Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Most children on the autism spectrum experience challenges with speech, nonverbal communication, sensory sensitivities, repetitive behaviors, and social skills. According to the CDC, 1 in 36 US children is diagnosed with ASD by the age of 8.

A child on the autism spectrum will usually avoid eye contact and be easily upset by things like loud noises or certain textures. Autistic children often have difficulty understanding their own and others' feelings. You might notice that they prefer to play alone or find it hard to hold a conversation. You might also notice repetitive behaviors like hand-flapping or rocking. Your child may show a strong preference for routines, reacting with aggressive outbursts and temper tantrums when these routines change or stop. Some kids diagnosed with autism might have delayed speech and language skills.

ADHD vs. Autism: Spotting the Differences

In brief, while ADHD often involves hyperactivity, impulsivity, and trouble focusing, autism is more associated with challenges in social communication, sensory sensitivities, and a strong preference for routines. Also, while most kids receive an ADHD diagnosis once they start school, autism is diagnosed earlier, usually at the age of three.

When ADHD and Autism Overlap: Does My Child Have Both?

ADHD and autism often share overlapping traits, which can confuse you as a parent. Both conditions frequently involve focus, emotional regulation, and difficulties with social interaction.

For example, your child might struggle to sit still or wait their turn, feeling distressed by loud noises or changes in their environment. Perhaps they have difficulty staying focused in class or during activities because they are always distracted by something. You may notice that your child doesn’t know how to manage frustration and big feelings. Many kids with either condition experience challenges with emotional regulation and frequently have meltdowns. Socially, both autistic children and kids with ADHD might have trouble managing social settings, reading social cues, and forming friendships.

Recognizing these overlapping signs can help you understand and support your child's unique needs.

Supporting Your Child: How We Can Help

If you're unsure whether your child is on the spectrum, has ADHD, or both, remember that you are not alone. We can help with autism diagnosis and referrals so that you pick the best support for your child with confidence.

Looking for direction, care, and resources to thrive as a family? Contact us today to learn how we can support you.